Because S-waves do not pass through the liquid core, two shadow regions are produced ( (Figure)). The time between the P- and S-waves is routinely used to determine the distance to their source, the epicenter of the earthquake. The P-wave gets progressively farther ahead of the S-wave as they travel through Earth’s crust. P-waves have speeds of 4 to 7 km/s, and S-waves range in speed from 2 to 5 km/s, both being faster in more rigid material. Both types of earthquake waves travel slower in less rigid material, such as sediments. For that reason, the speed of longitudinal or pressure waves (P-waves) in earthquakes in granite is significantly higher than the speed of transverse or shear waves (S-waves). Converting the unit of speed of sound to km/h. Compute answers using Wolfram's breakthrough technology & knowledgebase, relied on by millions of students & professionals. The bulk modulus of granite is greater than its shear modulus. Speed of a sound at a certain altitude is vs330m/s v s 330 m / s. 1 At sea level the speed of sound is 760mph, but at altitudes like the Concorde would fly at (55,000ft) the sound barrier is at 660mph, so 1000th slower. Earthquakes produce both longitudinal and transverse waves, and these travel at different speeds. Seismic waves, which are essentially sound waves in Earth’s crust produced by earthquakes, are an interesting example of how the speed of sound depends on the rigidity of the medium. The second shell is farther away, so the light arrives at your eyes noticeably sooner than the sound wave arrives at your ears.Īlthough sound waves in a fluid are longitudinal, sound waves in a solid travel both as longitudinal waves and transverse waves. The speed of sound is the same at all pressures and varies. This is consistent with the general relationship for sound speed in gases. The decrease in speed of sound at high altitudes is due of fall in pressure at this altitude. The first shell is probably very close by, so the speed difference is not noticeable. The speed of sound in helium at 0C is about 972 m/s, compared to 331 m/s in air. Sound and light both travel at definite speeds, and the speed of sound is slower than the speed of light. V=\sqrt Differentiating with respect to the density, the equation becomes P, speed of sound, a, ,density, rho, and kinematic viscosity, nu, for the input geopotential altitude, height, between the sea level and the tropopause.
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